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Real versus Nominal Rates of Interest: Fisher Equation- Basic Macroeconomics

In economics, nominal value is measured in terms of money, whereas real value is measured against goods or services. A real value is one which has been adjusted for inflation, enabling comparison of quantities as if the prices of goods had not changed on average. Changes in value in real terms therefore exclude the effect of inflation. Nominal money is related to the measure of counting. Nominal figure is what is written on the bill. Where as real money relates to it's purchasing power. Nominal Definitions and Basics. Definition: The nominal value of a good is its value in terms of money. The real value is its. In the News and Examples. Tax Freedom Day: Americans work 4 months to pay this year’s taxes. The amount of time varies. A Little History: Primary Sources. If there are changes in the price level, how do we use that information to convert the prices we see everyday into numbers that we can actually compare?

Nominal Versus Real Value

Learning Outcomes
Introduction
1. Nominal interest rate
2. Real interest rate
Relation between Real and Nominal interest rate
Relationship between Real and nominal interest rate and Expected Inflation: Fisher equation
Different applications of Real and Nominal interest rate
1. Real versus Nominal interest rate and Present values
2. Real versus Nominal interest rate and the IS-LM model
Fisher effect in economics
Summary

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The previous article was an introduction about the two basic decisions that corporate finance helps a corporation in making. Prima-facie, these two decisions may look pretty simple. After all everyone raises money in their daily lives and puts it to productive use. Simple accounting can tell us whether or not we should make those financing and investing decisions. So, why is there a need for a complicated subject called corporate finance to make these decisions? Well, it turns out there is a need? The need arises because of this concept of nominal and real value of money. This article will explain why corporate finance is required:

The Concept of Inflation

We are all intuitively aware of the concept of inflation. We know that money loses its value every year. The same amount of money will purchase less and less every year. Let’s say that $100 is required to purchase a certain commodity of goods today. So if there is an inflation of 10%, the same goods will be available for a $110 next year.

Introduction to Nominal Value of Money

So, if we made an investment that was yielding 9% return this year, we would have a total of $109 next year from the $100 we had invested. In accounting terms we would have a profit of $9. This is because we are only considering the nominal values. Nominal values do not consider the effect of inflation, opportunity cost of capital and such other forces which cause the value of money to decrease in a given time period.

The Problem with Nominal Values to Measure a Firm’s Performance:

Nominal values present a distorted image of the firm’s performance to its shareholders and this is to say the least. Consider the case we discussed above. Here, the firm has lost 1% purchasing power. This means they were better off consuming the $100 in year 1 and could have purchased more goods with it rather than investing it and consuming $109 a year later. Thus, if nominal values are considered, firms will end up eroding their capital by investing their money in projects that offer a rate of return that is below the firm’s cost of capital.

Introduction to Real Value of Money

To offset this problem, specialists in corporate finance have come up with the concept of real value of money. The real value of money takes into account inflation, opportunity cost of capital and such other forces. Thus, firms that base their calculations on these inflation adjusted values make better financial decisions as compared to those that do not. The calculation for both real as well as nominal values is simple and can be done with the help of the following formula: Play poker online real money us.

Real Value = Nominal Value / (1 + (i / 100))

i = The prevailing inflation rate in the market

Subjectivity in Real Value of Money:

Nominal Versus Real Money Supply

It must be understood that the real and nominal values of money are subjective. This is because, they are determined using the inflation rate. There is no single measure of inflation. The government itself produces multiple estimates of inflation. Also, for the purpose of the company’s calculation, these measures may not be good enough. So the company may create its own inflation index depending on which the real values are calculated. Thus, there is widespread subjectivity in this calculation. Different companies use different rates to convert nominal values to real values.

The biggest take-away from the concept of nominal and real values is that money in one time period is not directly comparable to money in another time period. It is for this reason we have to calculate present values, future values and the like. These calculations form the backbone of corporate finance.

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